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Outline 1
I. THE CENTRAL DOGMA
A. DNA structure
B. DNA replication
C. Chromosomes
1. Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotic
D. RNA structure
E. Transcription
1. summary
2. Prokaryotes
3. Eukaryotes
F. Translation
1. the genetic code
2. sumary of translation
Outline 2
II. Cell Differentiation
A. What do we know?
B. The developmental landscape model
C. Two hypotheses for how cells become
differentiated
1. nuclear alteration
2. nuclear differentiation
D. Experimental evidence
1. Seward - totipotency in carrots
2. Gurdon - nuclear transplantation in toads
OUTLINE 3
III. Control of Gene
Expression in Prokaryotes
A. Regulatory proteins
B. The operon model
C. Examples
1. the lac operon (substrate induction)
2. the tryp operon (end product repression)
3. the lac operon (Positive control)
Outline 4
IV. Control of Gene
Expression in Eukaryotes
A. Why is it different than in Prokaryotes?
B. Levels of control of gene expression
See hand-out
V. Gene expression and Development
A. Amphibian metamorphosis
1. the pattern of metamorphosis
2. the role of Thyroxin
B. Arthropod molting and metamorphosis
1. patterns
2. Wigglesworth's work
3. three hormones
4. experimental evidence
OUTLINE 5
VI. Animal Development: Fertilization
and Cleavage
A. Fertilization - an overview
B. Gametes
1. spermatazoan
2. ovum
C. Details of fertilization
1. attraction
2. the acrosomal reaction
3. fusion of plasma membranes (fast block)
4. cortical reaction (slow block)
5. egg activation
6. nuclear fusion
D. Cleavage
1. major features
2. patterns of cleavage
a. radial cleavage
b. spiral cleavage
OUTLINE 6
VII. Morphogenesis
A. General features of gastrulation
B. Cell movement
1. extension and contraction
2. adhesion
C. Gastrulation in the sea urchin
D. Gastrulation in the frog
E. Three layers of cells
1. ectoderm
2. mesoderm
3. endoderm
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